Month: September 2014

Genseric was tight lipped but passionate.  He set himself almost impossible objectives and used every tactic available to him to achieve them.  It is worth bearing in mind right from the start just how unlikely his career was.  The Vandals were not a big tribe and before Genseric they would not have been considered a particularly prominent one.  They had ended up in the empire rather more as refugees than as conquerors.  Even inside the empire they were not exactly the most successful of invaders.  At one point they had been so low on luck that they suffered a famine.  So they were very much the poor relations of the Goths.  At the point they enter our story they were in southern Spain where they were getting on rather badly with the neighbouring tribes.

The reign of Honorius was eventful, but his actual life settled into a fairly sedate business at the centre of his court.  He didn’t travel much or indeed do very much.  His sister on the other hand had as varied a career as any woman in Roman history.  She was taken from Rome when it was sacked and became a Gothic queen.  With the death of her husband, Placidia was finally returned to her brother in exchange for a large stock of grain. But her position made settling down difficult, and her personality made it impossible.  She was forced to marry the successful general Constantius.  Although she objected to it in advance she resigned herself to it once it happened and made the best of it.   They had two children, Valentinian and Honoria. Constantius may have found his wife stoking his ambition, because some years into the marriage he was appointed as co-emperor.  This was unlikely to have been an idea that Honorius came up with.  It was much more plausibly the work behind the scenes of Placidia.  

There are plenty of options to choose from for dating the start of the Byzantine Empire. But if you wanted one that would stand up in court, the reign of Arcadius is a pretty sound bet. The great Theodosius I was the last emperor to rule both halves of the empire unambiguously. He divided his inheritance between his two sons with Arcadius taking the eastern half, and as it turned out that court was to have a more or less continuous history from that point, the year 395, until the final end of the empire.

There are big and weighty matters in the papers at the moment.  Should Scotland leave the United Kingdom?  Should the United Kingdom leave the EU?  Should NATO combat Russia and/or militant Islam?  These are all worthy and important, but in the middle of all this pops up the seaside town of Clacton.  This happens to be the scene of a by-election which might well return the first member of UKIP to the UK parliament.  At the time of writing the UKIP candidate has a strong lead in the polls so it is possible that history is about to be made in Clacton.  But what has history made of Clacton itself?